1100 Words You Need to Know - Week 1 Day 2

Language

Apr 6, 2022

1100 Words You Need to Know - Week 1 Day 2

Day 2

The worlds of science-fiction abound with wonders. Yet modern technology progresses so rapidly that what may be today’s wild dream may be next year’s kitchen appliance. A British scientist has prognosticated that within ten years every suburban matron will have her own robot servant. One task this domesticated automaton will not have to contend with will be scouring the oven because even today the newest ranges can be “programed” to reduce their own baked-on grime to easily disposed of ashes.

abound

  • to exist in large numbers

这个词跟 bound 没任何关系,是由 ab- + -ound 构成的,由拉丁语 ab away + undare rise in wave 进入古法语 abonder 再进入英语。其词根源自原始印欧语 *wed- (1) 的鼻化形式,本义是水,跟 water, wash, wet, winter 甚至还有 vodka 都是同源的。还有来自希腊语的表示水的前缀 hydro- 也是跟这个词根同源的,这又是什么奇葩音变路线

technology

很熟悉的单词了,现在很多地方还会简写成 tech

prognosticate

  • to predict

很明显可以看出跟 diagnostic 是同根的词,*gno- 就是 to know 的意思,跟英语的 know 的确也是同源的。

matron

  • (literary, British) married woman, usually middle-aged and with children

来自拉丁语 mater 母亲的意思。

automaton

  • a machine, especially one in the shape of human

  • someone who seems unable to fell motions and do things without thinking

学计算机的对这个词肯定很熟,但它本义就是像人一样的自动化机械,或者用来比喻机械做事没有感情的人。当然在计算机领域里还有术语自动机的意思。

近现代英语在造一些学术名词的时候很喜欢用 -on 这个后缀,比如

  • photon: 光子,photo- 是来自希腊语的词根,本义是光的意思,英语里的 photo 照片的意思也来自于此

  • codon: 高中生物学到的密码子,code + -on

  • exon: 外显子,ex- 前缀表示向外的

  • intron: 内显子,intro- 前缀表示向内的

然后对应翻译为汉语的时候就一般译成了 XX子